Resources

Identification Keys
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Below are various keys to groups with Perdita and Macrotera that are either newly created by me, or annotated versions of Timberlake keys (most of the annotations have been done by my adviser Dr. Terry Griswold, Research Entomologist at the USDA-ARS). The newly created keys should be considered working drafts, so they may contain errors. If you have any questions about them, feel free to contact me. 

Perdita keys

Annotated key to the species of subgenus Cockerellia from Timberlake (1954): [pdf]

Annotated key to the species of subgenus Epimacrotera: [pdf]

Annotated key to the species of subgenus Hexaperdita: [pdf]

Annotated key to the species of subgenus Pentaperdita: [pdf]

Key to the species of Perdita subgenus Perditella. 

Macrotera keys

Key to the species of Macrotera subgenus Macroteropsis. 

Key to the species of Macrotera subgenus Macroterella.



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Perdita and Macrotera ​Taxonomic Publications (Major publications bolded):

Smith, F. 1853. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Part 1: Andrenidae and Apidae. London: British Museum. [pdf - 13 MB] (definition of the genus Perdita, p. 128, plate on p. 218). 

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1894). Descriptions of new Hymenoptera. Entomological News, 5, 328–329. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1895). New North American bees. Pysche, supplement 1, 4–6. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A (1895). Descriptions of new Hymenoptera (with notes by W.J. Fox). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 22, 289–297. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1895). Some new bees of the genus Perdita. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 47, 11–19. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896). The bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 48, 25–107. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896). New North American bees. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 32, 218–221. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896). New species of insects taken on a trip from the Mesilla Valley to the Sacramento Mts., New Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 4, 201–207. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896). The seveny-second Perdita. Entomological News, 7, 255–256. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1897). Some new Hymenoptera from the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)19, 394–403. [pdf]. 

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1897). New insects from Embudo, New Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)20, 510–514. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1897). New and little-known North American bees. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia, 49, 334–355. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A (1897). New species of Perdita from Nebraska. Entomological News, 8, 23–24. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1897). New and little-known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 24, 144–162. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898). New and little-known Hymenoptera taken by Prof. C.H.T. Townsend and Mr. C.M. Barber in New Mexico in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2(7), 448–457. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898). On some small bees from Arizona. Canadian Entomologist, 30, 237–239. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898). Another yellow Perdita. Enomological News, 9, 215–216. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898). Tables for the determination of New Mexico bees. Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 11, 41–73. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1898). The insect visitors of flowers in New Mexico. II. Zoologist, 311–314. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). Notes on some Hymenoptera. Canadian Entomologist, 31, 255–256. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). Four new bees of the genus Perdita collected by Dr. L.O. Howard in Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3(7), 492–495. [pdf] 

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). Segregates from Perdita. Pysche, 8, 311–312. [pdf] (humorous commentary on Ashmead)

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). Postscript on Perdita. Pysche, 8, 323. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). Catalogo de las abeyas de Mexico. Zoological Record, 8, 1–20. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899). The panurgine bees. Pysche, 8, 419. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1900). New light on the bee genera Megacilissa and Macrotera. Entomological News, 11, 510. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1900). New insects from Arizona and a new bee from Mexico. Entomologist, 33, 61–66. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1900). On a small collection of bees from Juarez, Mexico. Entomologist, 33, 217–219. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1901). Bees from Southern California, visiting flower of Eriogonum and Rhus. Canadian Entomologist, 38, 281–283. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1901). New and little-known bees from Nebraska. Entomologist, 34, 190–191. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1901). Flower and insect records from New Mexico. Entomological News, 12, 38–43. [pdf]

Cockerel, T.D.A. (1901). Observations on bees collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico, and in the adjacent mountains. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7(7), 125–131. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1902). Flowers and insects in New Mexico. American Naturalist, 36, 809–817. [pdf]

Viereck (1902). Hymenoptera of Beulah, New Mexico. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 29, 43–100.[pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1903). North-American bees and a new Homopteran. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12(7), 442–455. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1903). A catalogue of the bees of California. Pysche, 10, 74–78. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1904). Some bees from San Miguel County, New Mexico. Entomologist, 37, 5–9. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1904). Notes on some bees in the British Museum. Canadian Entomologist, 36, 301–304. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1904). New and little-known bees in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 14(7), 203–208. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905). New and little-known American bees. Entomologist, 38, 145–149. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905). Notes on some bees in the British Museum. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 31, 309–364. [pdf]

Cockerell, T.D.A. (1905). A new bee of the genus Perdita from Texas. Entomological News, 16, 331. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1928). Two new species of bees of the genus Perdita in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 5, 25–33. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1928). Bees of the genus Perdita in the J.C. Bridwell Collection. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7, 151–161. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1928). Bees of the genus Perdita Smith in the American Museum of Natural History (Hymenoptera). American Museum Novitates, 321, 1–13. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1929). New records and descriptions of bees of the genus Perdita (Hymenoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 27, 111–125. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1929). Records of western species of Perdita with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 6(2), 49–56. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1947). New species of Perdita from the Southern States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 49(3), 81–84. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1952). New records of Perdita from the Eastern United States (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 54(4), 199–204. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1953). Bees of the genus Perdita in the collection of the University of Kansas. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 35(7), 962–985. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1954). Two new species of Perdita from North Carolina (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Entomological News, 65, 12–15. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1954). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fuana of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part I. University of California Publications in Entomology, 9, 345–432. [pdf - 27 MB]

Timberlake, P.H. (1956). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fuana of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part II. University of California Publications in Entomology, 11, 247–350. [pdf - 34 MB] (subgenus Pygoperdita)

Timberlake, P.H. (1958). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fuana of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part III. University of California Publications in Entomology, 14, 203–410 [pdf - 36 MB] (Zonalis group)

Timberlake, P.H. (1960). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fuana of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part IV. University of California Publications in Entomology, 17, 1–156. [pdf - 50 MB] (Octomaculata group)

Timberlake, P.H. (1962). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part V. University of California Publications in Entomology, 28, 1–124. [pdf - 38 MB]

Timberlake, P.H. (1964). A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part IV. University of California Publications in Entomology, 28(2), 125–388. [pdf - 89 MB]

Timberlake, P.H. (1968).  A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific coast (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Part VII. University of California Publications in Entomology, 49, 1–196. [pdf - 63 MB]

Timberlake, P.H. (1971). Supplementary studies on the systematics of the genus Perdita (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 66, 1–63. [pdf - 20 MB]

Timberlake, P.H. (1977). Description of new species of Perdita (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 41:281–295. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1977). Two new species of Perdita from Arizona and Utah (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 85(1), 18–20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25009039

Timberlake, P.H. (1979). Report on Perdita in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 37, 30–39. [pdf]

Timberlake, P.H. (1980). Supplementary studies on the systematics of the genus Perdita (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 85, 1–65. [pdf - 18 MB]

Philip Hunter Timberlake (1883–1981). [pdf]

Griswold, T.L. and Parker, F.D. (1988). New Perdita (Perdita) oligoleges of Mentzelia, with notes on related species of the Ventralis group (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 64(1), 43–52. [pdf]

Griswold, T.L. (1993). New species of Perdita (Pygoperdita) Timberlake of the P. californica species group (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 69(2): 183–189. [pdf]

Neff, J.L. (2003). A distinctive new Perdita species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from West-Central Texas associated with Salvia (Lamiaceae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 79(1), 66–70. [pdf]

Neff, J.L. (2010). A new species of Perdita (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) from Central Texas associated with the Rubiaceae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 83(2):124–140. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2317/JKES0910.05.1

Griswold, T. and Miller, W. (2010). A revision of Perdita (Xerophasma) Timberlake [sic] (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Zootaxa, 2517, 1–14. [pdf]

Ascher, J.S. and Engel, M.S. (2012). Discovery of the bee genus Perdita in the West Indies (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae): a new species from Isla Cabritos in the Dominican Republic. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 52(2), 595–602. [pdf]

Portman, Z.M., Griswold, T. & Pitts, J.P. (2016) Association of the female of Perdita (Xeromacrotera) cephalotes (Cresson), and a replacement name for Perdita bohartorum Parker (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Zootaxa 4097, 567–574. [pdf]